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The Castle Mountain Internment Camp, located in Banff National Park, Alberta, was the largest internment facility in the Canadian Rockies, housing several hundred prisoners at any one time. Established on July 13, 1915, a total of 660 enemy aliens were interned at the facility during its entire operation.〔Bohdan Kordan, ''Enemy Aliens, Prisoners of War: Internment in Canada during the Great War''(Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2002), p.102〕 ==Internment== Designated enemy aliens under Canada’s War Measures Act (1914), some 8,579 enemy aliens were interned during World War I as prisoners of war. Ostensibly nationals of countries at war with Canada, the vast majority however were settler immigrants, primarily of Ukrainian ethnic origin. The Castle Camp, which was built in 1915 at the base of Castle Mountain was a Canadian internment camp which held immigrant prisoners of Ukrainian, Austrian, Hungarian and German descent. 〔(Castle Mountain Internment Camp )〕 Despite their civilian status, a great many were sent to prisoner of war camps located in the Canadian hinterland, to be used as military conscript labour on government work projects.〔Bohdan Kordan, ''Enemy Aliens, Prisoners of War: Internment in Canada during the Great War''(Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2002), pp. 90-115〕 Of particular note was the use of forced labour in Canada’s national parks, where they were introduced there as a matter of policy to improve existing facilities and increase accessibility by developing the park system’s infrastructure.〔Bill Waiser, ''Park Prisoners: The Untold Story of Western Canada’s National Parks, 1915-1946''(Saskatoon-Calgary: Fifth House Publishers, 1995), pp. 11-12〕 By 1915 several internment camps in and around the Rocky Mountains were in full swing, including a camp at the foot of Castle Mountain, the terminal point of the then uncompleted Banff-Laggan (Lake Louise) road. Recognizing the value of future tourism, the main purpose of the camp was to push the Banff highway on through to Lake Louise, although, in addition, bridges, culverts and fireguards were also built.〔Bill Waiser, ''Park Prisoners: The Untold Story of Western Canada’s National Parks, 1915-1946''(Saskatoon-Calgary: Fifth House Publishers, 1995), p. 14〕 The camp consisted of tents within a dual barbed wire enclosure. The tents however proved inadequate during the severe winter climate, forcing the camp to relocate to military barracks built on the outskirts of the town of Banff, adjacent to the Cave and Basin, site of the original Hot Springs. While in Banff, the internees were engaged in a number of special projects: land fill and drainage of the Recreation Grounds; clearing the Buffalo Paddocks; cutting trails; land reclamation for tennis courts, golf links, shooting ranges and ski jumps; rock-crushing; quarrying stone for the Banff Springs Hotel (still under construction) and smaller public works projects such as street and sidewalk repair.〔For a detailed description of the work regime, see Bohdan Kordan and Melnycky, Peter, eds., ''In the Shadow of the Rockies: Diary of the Castle Mountain Internment Camp, 1915-1917''. Edmonton: CIUS Press, 1991〕 With the onset of spring, the camp returned once more to the Castle Mountain site. This process of return and relocation would continue until August 1917 when the camp was finally closed when the internees were conditionally released to industry to meet the growing labour shortage. The Castle Mountain camp was a difficult facility to administer. Abuse was widespread, and although duly noted by the Directorate of Internment Operations in Ottawa, never corrected.〔Bill Waiser, ''Park Prisoners: The Untold Story of Western Canada’s National Parks, 1915-1946''(Saskatoon-Calgary: Fifth House Publishers, 1995), pp. 19-21〕 Escapes were frequent while conditions at the camp were roundly condemned by neutral observers and the Central Powers, charging Canada with violations of international norms governing the internment of enemy aliens.〔Bohdan Kordan, ''Enemy Aliens, Prisoners of War: Internment in Canada during the Great War''(Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2002), pp. 127-28〕 Understandably, the conditions at the camp would become of interest to the War Office in London and a point of discussion between the British Government and Ottawa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Castle Mountain Internment Camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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